Siberia - its history.

Hub Page

Links to the webpages on the long history of Siberia - as old as the Earth itself, the origin of its mineral wealth and its turbulent history. Much of the material was first researched and published in articles on early timekeeping in Clocks magazine etc. It has also been used for talks and lecture series, adult education course. It is now being built up as a website - still in progress. And material is constantly being added to and updated. So it is well worth re-visiting and feedback is welcome. When the web site is more complete the book which accompanies it is to be published. So far there is no end to it.

Here you will find links to articles, and to other websites, updated news, weather, and other features. Book list and references and acknowledgements. Competition. Please with any queries, information, etc.

Siberian minerals
which one of the following is not mined in Siberia:
aluminium
asbestos
charoite
chromium
coal
cobalt
copper
diamonds
gas
gold
iron
lead
nephrite
nickel
mica
palladium
oil
salt
silver
tin
tourmaline
uranium
zinc
answer

• Siberia hub page has links to other related pages in the Cosmic Elk and to Siberian websites. And a competition.
• The beginning of Siberian history.
• The Bear and Seasons
• Time Before Clocks. Has more on time in Siberia.
• Siberian calendars and timekeeping included in this.
• Chukotka and the directions of time.
• More on the directions of time and space - includes significant directions in Yakutian cosmology and Evenk time-keeping.
• The mammoth-hunters of the last ice-age and their legacy.
• Siberia in the Neolithic, Bronze, and Iron Age.
• Shamans and Time. Has more about the religion and the shamans.
• Medieval Siberian InvadersEvenk and others.
• Continues with the invasion
  from the west.
• 16th century Yakutia and the origin of the Sakha.
• 17th century Yakutia and the Russian Invasion.
• Yakutia in the 18th century Part One..
• Yakutia in the 18th century Part Two.The Billings Expedition.
• Russian America
• Siberia 1820 to 1890 - extreme tourism
• Siberia 1890 to 1912 - and trouble with gold
• Tunguska event
• from first world war on to present

More on Siberia and its history:

• Yakutia Today- news etc.
• History of Shamans in Yakutia
• Northeast Science Station Cherskii
• Folklore and history etc. of the peoples of Siberia.
• News from Yakutia
• Early history of Siberia - with quiz.
• DNA and peopling of Siberia. (As mentioned in Directions of the Sun).
• Evenkia , with music etc.A very good site - though English translation not very good - but you can't blame them for that. Everything you need to know about Evenkia, the land and its history and culture. Descriptions of main shaman rituals.
• Yakutia Travel.
• Botanical gardens in Yakutsk.
• Evenkia.
• The Tunguska Event
• Kolyma - the Land of Gold and Death by Stanislaw J. Kowalski,who was one of the Polish prisoners sent to the Kolyma gold mines. This is an excellent history and description of the conditions under Dalstroy, from a survivor.
• History of Gold in Russia. Gold was mostly found in Siberia. Useful illustrations. More links including diamond mines to come and also on relevant pages.
• Shaman's coat.
• Siberia Land of Wonders - has Malta and Buret among other details of Siberia in the last Ice-Age. Good and interesting site.
• History of Irkutsk

	Ask the shaman for the weather in Siberia.

Book List

• Anuchin: V.I.: - Shamanism of the Yenisey Ostyaks, Academy of Sciences, St. Peterburg, 1914.

• Ancient Cultures of the Uralian Peoples: edited by P. Hadjú - Budapest, 1976

• Archaeology and Geomorphology of Northern Asia, edited H.N.Michael, Toronto, 1964

• Arutyunov:Sergei, - On the shores of the Arctic Ocean (a Russian Reader) Moscow, 1984

• Atlas USSR, Mosow 1982, (in Russian)- Has the industries of each region etc.

• Atkinson: T.W., Oriental and Western Siberia. urst and Blackett, London, 1858.
  Atkinson: Lucy, Recollections of Tartar Steppes. 1863, reprinted Frank Cass, London, 1972. - wife of above, but not mentioned by him, she not only accompanied him, as she had been a governess there, she spoke the languages, most of the time they stayed with her friends, and during the trip, she had a baby, and had to look after him, as well as wash her husband's shirts.

• Baddeley: John - Russia, Mongolia, China. pub. New York, 1919

• Bawden: C. R., Shamans, Lamas and Evangelicals, The English Missionaries in Siberia, 1985, ISBN 0710206641

• Bobrick: Benson, East of the Sun, ISBN 0749306121, 1992

• Böhtlingk: Otto, Uber die Sprache der Jakuten, St.Petersburg, 1848 (not that he actually went any near Yakutia than St. Petersburg)

• Bravina: Rosa, Archaeology and Ethnography of Yakutia. Yakutsk, 1992. (translated into French)
  Life and Death according to the traditional beliefs of the Yakuts (translated by Albina Skryabina) published by The Cosmic Elk, ISBN 1871443121, 1995.
  (also went to her series of lectures when in Yakutia, Rosa was Professor of Anthropology at Yakutsk University and also a white shamaness.)

• Bogoras: Waldemar,
  
  
  • Tales of Yukagir, Lamut and Russianized Natives of Eastern Siberia, New York, 1918
    
  • The Eskimo of Siberia, (Jesop North Pacific Expedition vol VIII)1913
    
  • A Sketch of the Ethnography of the Reindeer Chukchees, St.Petersburg, 1901
    
  • The folklore of NE Asia as Compared with that of NW America, London, 1979 reprint
    
  • Ideas of Space and Time in the Conception of Primitive Religion, USA 1925
    
  • Chukchee Mythology (Jesup) 1913
    
  • The Chukchee, (Jesup) 1909

• Bond: E. A., Russia at the Close of the 16th century, London, 1856.

• Botting: Douglas, One Chilly Siberian Morning, London, 1965

• Casanowicz: I. M., Shamanism of the Natives of Siberia, Wasington, USA, 1925

• Chard, C. S., North-East Asia in Prehistory, USA, 1974

• Chernetsov: V. N., & Mosznska: W. - Prehistory of Western Siberia, London, 1974

• Clark: Ella, Indian Legends of Canada, Toronto, 1973

• Cochrane: J. D., Narrative of a pedestrian journey through Russia and Siberian Tartary from the frontiers of China to the Frozen Sea and Kamchatka . London, 1824.
• Curtin: J. A., - A Journey in Southern Siberia, the Mongols, their Religion and their Myths, London, 1909

• Marie Czaplicka,
  Aboriginal Siberia, 1914
  On the Track of the Tungus, 1917
  My Siberian Year, 1916, London, Mills & Boon. (She died in the swine flu epidemic of 1918)

• Derevanko: Anatoliy, Editor, The Paleolithic of Siberia, 1998, ISBN 0-242-02052-9. (tedious to wade through considering the potential interest of the subject)

• Davis: J. Barnard, Some Account of Runic Calendars and Staffordshire Clogg Almanacs - in Archaeologia, Vol. XLI 1867

• Delaby: Lawrence, Un Calendrier Yakoute, 1968 (in French)

• Devlet: Marianne: Rock Engravings in the Middle Yenisei Basin - Moscow, 1976 (in Russian)

• Dikov: H. H.(editor): Essays on the History of Chukotka from the Most Ancient Times up to the Present Day, (in Russian) Novosibirsk, 1974

• Diószegi: Vilmos, Tracing Shamans in Siberia, Holland, 1968 (translated from Hungarian)

• Dmitriev-Mamonov: A.I. & Zoziarski: A.F, editors - Guide to the Great Siberian Railway, London, 1900

• Drawing Shadows to Stone - the photography of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition 1897-1902, American Museum of Natural History, ISBN 0295976470, 1997. (Thanks to Dr. Marylou Solbrig who sent me a copy).

• Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia by Anthony Jenkinson and other Englishmen Vol.1, editors Morgan, E.D., Roote: C.H. - New York USA.
• Englehardt: A. P, A Russian Province of the North. Constable, London, 1899.

• Fisher: R. H., The Russian Fur Trade 1550-1700, Los Angeles, 1943

• Faegre: Torvald, Tents: Architecture of the Nomads, London, 1979. (An interesting and well-presented book)

• Forsyth: James - A History of the Peoples of Siberia, ISBN 521403111 - 1982

• Fries: Hans Jakob, A Siberian Journey, 1774-1776, London 1974

• Fyedorov: I. S., Sakha-English phrase book, Yakutsk, 1993.

• Peter Gelling and Hilda Davidson: The Chariot of the Sun, London 1969

• Giddings: J. Louis, Ancient Men of the Arctic, London, 1968

• Gogolyev: A. I.- The Yakuts, Yakutsk 1993 (in Russian)
  Archaeological Remains of the Yakuts in the late Medieval Period, 14th to 18th centuries (in Russian) Yakutsk, 1990.

• Gogolyev: Z.V.: The Yukagirs, Novosibirsk, 1975 (in Russian)

• Golder: F. A. - Bering's Voyages, New York, 1922
  Russian Expansion on the Pacific 1641-1850, 1914

• Goodall: Jane, In the Shadow of Man. Collins, London, 1971
• Graburn:N.H.H. & Strong: B.S., Circumpolar Peoples: An Anthropological Perspective, California, 1973

• Gryaznov: Mikhail P: South Siberia, London, 1969

• Gurvich: I. S.: Mysterious Chuchuna, Moscow,1975 (in Russion)

• Hajdu: P., (editor) Ancient Cultures of the Uralian Peoples. Corvina Press, Budapest, 176.

• Hakluyt: R., The Principal Navigations, Voyages and Discoveries of the English Nation. 1580. Hakluyt Society edition 1903, Vol.1 of 8 vols. - pp. 352-356, eye-witness account of Samoyed shaman's rites.

• Hamel: J. - England and Russia, London, 1854

• Hatto:A. T. - Shamanism and Epic Poetry in Northern Asia, London, 1970

• Hooper: W. H. - Ten Months Among the Tents of the Tuski, London, 1853

• Howorth: H. H. History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th century, 3 vols. London, 1876-8

• Hoffecker: John, Desolate landscapes: Ice-age settlement in Eastern Europe. 2002, ISBN 0-8135-2992-1.

• Ionov: V. M.- The Eagle in the Beliefs of the Yakuts, St. Petersburg, 1918 (in preRevolution Russian)

• Ivanov: V. F. -A study of the Ethnographic History of the Yakuts 17th to 18th centuries, Moscow, 1974 (in Russian)

• Jochelson: Waldemar
  The Yakut, New York 1933
  Peoples of Asiatic Russia, 1928, New York
  The Yukaghir, (esup North Pacific Expedition) New York 1910
  The Koryak, New York, 1908
  Kumiss Festivals of the Yakut, New York, 1906
  His wife did most of the real work - unpaid - left him and became a doctor.

• Keay: Julia, With Passport and Parasol, the adventures of seven Victorian Ladies, (was on Radio 4)ISBN 0563208937 - 1989. (Mentions Kate Marsden)

• Khudyakov:Yu. C., Armour of the Yenesei Kurgiz 16th to 17th centuries, Novosibirsk, 1980. (in Russian) - this was given to me as a present in the Bratsk Museum)

• Kennan: George - Tent Life in Siberia -
  The Siberian Exile System - NewYork 1901
  He was there to put up the telegraph line from America to Europe, but once they got the transatlantic cable laid, this line was abandoned.

• Konstatinov: I.V. - Material Culture of the Yakuts of the 18th century - Yakutsk 1971 (in Russian)

• Kreuger: J. R. - Yakut Manual, the Hague, 1962 - (not easy as sounds different and did not come with sound)

• Ksyenofontov: G. V. - Shamanism -
  (1888-1938 - stories collected 1928-1929), - reprinted for The International Conference on Shamanism, Yakutsk, 1992. (in Russian)

• Lengyel: Emil, - Secret Siberia, London, 1947.

• Levin M.G. - Ethnic Origins of the Peoples of North Eastern Asia - Toronto, 1972

• Lommel: Andreas: The World of the Early Hunters, London, 1967

• Lyebyeva: Zh. K., Folklore of the People of the Far North pt 3, Yakutsk 1993 (in Russian)

• Marsden: Kate - By Sledge and Horseback to Outcast Siberian Lepers (reprinted 1986)

• McBurney: C.B.M: - Early Man in the Soviet Union - London 1976

• Mihailov:Alexey - Yakutia 1994 (photos Victor Yakolev), Moscow 1994.

• Mikhailorskii: V. M.: Shamanism in Siberia and European Russia - in Journal of the Anthopological Institute of Great Britain....Vol. 24 London 1895

• Mowat: Farley, The Siberians, London, 1970

• Nelson: Edward William, The Eskimo About Bering Strait, USA 1899

• Nilsson: M. P., Primitive Time-Reckoning. OUP, 1920.
• Jill Oakes & Rick Riewe (who took some photos): Spirit of Siberia, Traditional Native Life, Clothing, and Footwear: Smithsonian Insitution Press - 1998 - actually copyright of the Bata Shoe Museum and about the Siberian boots and how they were made. (Those lovely embroidered fur boots have their influence on modern fashion.)
• Okladnikov: A. P.:
  Ancient Population of Siberia and its Culture, USA 1959
  The Soviet Far East in Antiquity, Toronto 1965
  Petroglyphs of the Upper Lena, Leningrad 1977 (in Russian) Petroglyphs of the Middle Lena, Leningrad 1972 (in Russian)
  Yakutia before its incorporation into the Russian state - London 1970
  Petroglyphs of Siberia in Scientific American August 1979
  The Dawn of Art, Leningrad 1967 (in French)
  Origin of the Cosmic Elk

• Parker: W.H., An Historical Geography of Russia, London 1968

• Pekarski:E & Svetkov:W - Studies on the Life of the Tunguses Living Near Port Ayan, St. Petersburg, 1913 (in Russian)

• Peoples of Siberia: editors Levin: M.G, Potapov: L.P., London, 1964

• Petrova: T. I., Sakha-Russian grammar, Yakutsk, 1994.

• Popular Beliefs and Folklore Tradition in Siberia edited by V. Diószegi, The Hague, 1968

• Prehistoric Maritime Adaptations of the Circumpolar Zone, edited by W. Fitzhugh, The Hague, 1975.

• Rondière: Pierre, - Siberia, (translated from French) London, 1966.

• Russia's Eastward Expansion, editor=Lenson: G.A., London, 1964.

• Sakha (Yakutia) The Magic Country, Yakutsk, 1994.

• Sauer: Martin - An account of a Geographical and Astronomical Expedition to the Northern Parts of Russia.... performed by Commodore Joseph Billings in the year 1785 to 1794....London 1802

• Shamanism in Siberia - editors: V. Diószegi and M. Hoppal, Budapest, 1978.

• Shirokogoroff: S. M. Psychomental Complex of the Tungus, London 1935.
  also Social Organisation of the Northern Tungus, London 1929
  also What is Shamanism, in The China Journal of Science and Arts 1924.

• Semushin: Tikhon, - Children of the Soviet Arctic, London, 1947

• Shklovsky: I. W. In Far North-East Siberia, London 1916 translated from Russian)

• Shubin: A. A. - A short outline of the Ethnic History of the Evenki of the Transbaykal area 17th to 20th centuries (in Russian) Ulan-Ude 1973

• Sieroshevski: M - The Yakuts, in Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britiain...Vl.31 translated into English, 1901
• Simchenko: Yu. B: Culture of the Reindeer Hunters of Northern Eurasia, (in Russian) Moscow, 1976

• The Soviet North, translated by David Sinclair-Loutit, Moscow 1977

• Siikala:Anna-Leena, The Rite Technique of the Siberian Shaman, Helsinki, 1978

• Sokolova: Zoya - In the Expanses of Siberia a Russian reader) Moscow, 1981

• Studies in Siberian Shamanism, Toronto, 1963

• Soviet and Western Anthropology, editor: E. Gellner, London, 1980.

• Stringer: Chris, Homo Britannicus, 2006, ISBN-13 978-0-713-99795. Well preented book - could do with works like this on other parts of the world..

• State Ethnographic Museum of the Peoples of the USSR - Leningrad, 1980.

• Studies in Siberian Shamanism, editor, H. N. Michael, (translated) Toronto, 1963.

• Tugolukov: V. A. Pathfinders on Reindeer Back, Moscow, 1969 (in Russian) - also given additional information on Evenk calendars by author - also - "Who Are you Yukaghirs" (in Russian)

• Vainshtein: Sevyan, Nomads of South Siberia, Cambridge 1980.

• Vasiliev: V. N., Description of a Costume and a tambourine of the Shaman of the Yakuts: Publications of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology of the Academy of Sciences Vol. VIII, St. Petersburg, 1910 (the Yakut shaman outfit in Yaktusk museum has shaman's iron with circumpolar stars)

• Vasilyeva: Yu. I., editor - Sakha-Russian, Russian-Sakha Dictionary, 1994.

• Vasilyevich: G. M.: Historical Folklore of the Evenks in Russian and Evenk) Moscow, 1966 (Evenk musical sagas)

• Vinokurova: Ulyana: Stories of the Sakha People (in Russian) ISBN 5 7696 0506 5, 1994

• Vuorela: Touro: The Finno-Ugric Peoples, Indiana USA 1964

• Waters: Michael R. & Steven L Forman & James M. Peirson: Diring Yuriakh: A Lower Paleolithic Site in Central Siberia, in : Science Vol.275, 28th February 1997. www.sciencemag.org

• Webb: Steve, The First Boat People, Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN-13 978-0-521-85656-0. Gives a good account of the early population and evidence its movements along waterways, much earlier than traditionally thought. Very well constructed book which goes by the latest evidence, not by established beliefs.

• Wenyon: Charles, Across Siberia on the Great Post Road. (He went from China westwards) - London, 1896.

• Willian, T: The Muscovy Merchants of 1555, Manchester, 1953.
  The Early History of the Russia Company 1553-1603, Manchester, 1956.

• Yakut Tales (from the land of the Olonkho) - in Russian, Yakutsk, 1990.

• Yakut Ethnographic Sketches, USA, 1953.

• Yakutia and its Neighbours in Antiquity - editor: Mochanov: Yu. A.- Yakutsk, 1975 (in Russian)

• The Yana RHS Site: Humans in the Arctic Before the Last Glacial Maximum, by Pitulko et al. in Science Magazine, 2 January 2004, pp. 52-56.

My interest in the history of Siberia, began with an interest in early timekeeping in Siberia, much of which has been published in articles in "Clocks" and other publications, in the 1970s and 1980s and 1990s, and updated since. Since I could not travel to Siberia and around Siberia anywhere near as much and as often as I would have liked, nor would have been allowed, I am extremely grateful to the many friends I met on my travels who have helped me with information, and books, since around 1980. They have included Irina, Eddi and Tiina, Gertrude, Marguerite, Matriona and Maria, Tanya, many others, and Albina Skryabina - who has been an invaluable friend.

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